Classification of Liver Disorders: ¹

Alcoholic Liver Disease

• It includes alcoholic fatty liver with or without hepatitis, alcohol hepatitis (reversible because of acute ingestion) to cirrhosis (irreversible).
• Patients with severe alcohol use disorder mostly develop chronic liver disease; this is the most frequent cause of CLD.

Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD/NASH)

• NAFLD has an association with metabolic syndrome (obesity, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus).
• Some of these patients develop non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, which leads to fibrosis of the liver.

Chronic Viral Hepatitis:

• Chronic hepatitis B, C, and D infections are the most common causes of chronic liver disease.
• Chronic hepatitis C, if not treated, may lead to hepatocellular carcinoma.

Cirrhosis is a final stage of chronic liver disease that results in disruption of liver architecture, the formation of widespread nodules, vascular reorganization, neo-angiogenesis, and deposition of an extracellular matrix.¹

The main causes of chronic viral hepatitis are.²

Genetic Causes: Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, Hereditary hemochromatosis, Wilson disease

Autoimmune Causes: Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC) or Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH)

Other Causes of Chronic Liver Disease: Drugs or Vascular. Budd-Chiari syndrome

Gastric Disorders:

The most common gastric problems are:

Gastritis: Inflammation of the stomach lining is called gastritis³

Peptic Ulcer: a sore on the lining of your stomach or duodenum⁴

Irritable bowel Syndrome: The presence of abdominal pain or discomfort with altered bowel habits in the absence of detectable structural and biochemical abnormalities⁵

Chronic Diarrhoea: Loose stools that last for at least four weeks.⁶

Constipation: a disorder in the gastrointestinal tract, which can result in the infrequent stools, difficult stool passage with pain and stiffness. Acute constipation may cause closure of the intestine, which may even require surgery ⁷